PT.

This is coolbert:

Came across this study guide for Physical Ed [PE] majors in college. A cheat sheet type of study guide for taking tests germane to the major.

It is interesting HOW MANY of the questions dealing with the "History of PE" have some sort of military context. It seems that physical education [training] of youth has been an integral part of preparing young people for future military service since ANCIENT TIMES [ancient Mesopotamia [2000 B.C.]]!!!!! I have extracted the pertinent questions and answers from the study guide for the readers perusal. Please see the entire study guide by clicking here.

History of PE Study Guide:

Multiple Choice [correct answer with asterisk.]

[question with military related answer highlighted.]

1. Physical education did not flourish in ancient China because:

A.China's topography provided natural protection against invaders
B. of a strong emphasis on intellectual activities
C. of the profound influence of religion on its people
D. of all of the above reasons *

2. Early civilizations of the Near East developed physical education programs:

A. to promote individual enjoyment
B. for religious reasons
C. to condition the people so they could be better soldiers *
D. to contribute to the development of the total individual

3. The objectives of physical education in Sparta were mainly:

A. social
B. militaristic *
C. humanitarian
D. recreational

4. In ancient Rome individuals:

A. enjoyed watching professionals competing in gladiatorial sports *
B.participated in physical education to prepare their bodies as a temple for the soul
C. participated in physical education programs for enjoyment
D. adopted the Greek program of gymnastics and their lofty ideals for competition

8. Friedrich Ludwig Jahn developed the Turnverein movement to:

A. develop strong citizens capable of overthrowing foreign rule *
B. build outstanding sport teams to gain prestige in the eyes of the world
C. enhance the health of the citizens of the nation
D. provide recreational opportunities for the nation's citizens

11. Great Britain's contribution to the field of physical education was:

A. the development of outdoor sports
B. the development of movement education
C. the work of Archibald Maclaren and military gymnastics
D. all of the above *

14. During World War I, the selective service physical examinations demonstrated that:

A. the country was physically fit
B. the country was at the peak of performance
C. one third of the men were unfit *
D. physical education programs were doing a good job of keeping the nation fit

16. Which statement best reflects the impact of World War II on physical education?:

A. physical education programs became more formalized in nature, emphasizing physical conditioning
B. the selective service exams revealed that, unlike World War I, the men were in excellent shape
C. physical education programs increased in number

A and B
A and C *

True or False - (Please note that although True or False items are used in this study guide, the real Praxis PE Content Knowledge Exam is exclusively multiple choice.)

21. In the civilizations of the ancient Near East such as Persia, physical education received impetus from the military.
* True

23. In the Greek city-state of Athens the main objective of physical education was to prepare individuals to be a part of a strong and powerful army.
* False - see question # 24

24. In the Greek city-state of Sparta physical education was viewed as having the potential to help each individual achieve a proper balance in moral, mental, physical, and aesthetic development.
* False - see question # 23 - the statements would be true if the cities were reversed

25. In ancient Rome, athletic sports attracted spectators interested in excitement, blood, and brutality.
* True

The following questions refer to the United States

39. During World War I, selective service examinations revealed that approximately one-third of the men called to military service were physically unfit and inept.
* True

42. World war II stimulated the growth of physical education programs that emphasized conditioning to meet the national emergency.
* True

Completion and Listing - (Please note that although Completion and Listing items are used in this study guide, the real Praxis PE Content Knowledge Exam is exclusively multiple choice.)

53. The growth of the Turnverein movement may be attributed to Friedrich Ludwig Jahn. His purpose in promoting the Turnverein movement was to help mold the German youth into strong citizens capable of bringing about an independent Germany.

61. The statistics kept by the U.S. Government for World War I on the men which had been called to duty revealed that many of them were physically unfit and inept. These findings stimulated the passage of legislation to upgrade programs of physical education in the schools.

63. In the 1940s physical education programs in the U.S. were given a boost by World War II. As a result, physical education programs in the schools increased and became more formalized in nature, emphasizing conditioning.

There you have it in a nutshell. Societies throughout history have ALWAYS been concerned about the physical fitness of their youth. As a means of having a more robust youth that can BETTER carry out military duties. The U.S. in the 1950's IS NOT unique!!

coolbert.